Understanding Substance Abuse: Stimulants, Narcotics, and Sedatives

Generally, substances that are abused are separated into three categories: stimulants, sedatives, and narcotics. This classification is based on their potential for generating a high enough tolerance in their users to lead to abuse, and ultimately, addiction. Since not all of them are created equal, some can be more addictive than others which is why there are different types and levels of drug abuse. In some cases, detox or rehabilitation treatment is done by doctors that prescribe methadone. Here is a detailed look at each category to help you better understand their characteristics, effects, and the risks associated with their use.

1. Stimulants

Stimulants increase activity in the brain, resulting in heightened alertness, energy, and a sense of euphoria. Commonly abused stimulants include cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and prescription drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin. Cocaine, specifically, is prominent within this group as it is involved in nearly 1 of 5 overdose deaths. Statistics show that about 5.5 million Americans reported past-year cocaine use in 2019. Using this substance can even cause a person to experience fatal strokes or heart attacks. Because of how addictive it is, many people who utilize it experience financial, legal, and physical issues.

Crack and methamphetamine are other substances that can often lead to immediate addiction. The short-term physical consequences of abusing them include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperthermia. Users may also experience erratic or violent behavior, paranoia, and hallucinations. Long-term use can lead to severe dental problems, significant weight loss, skin sores from picking, and mental health effects such as persistent anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. It is advised that anyone who suffers from addiction to any of these stimulants should receive professional addiction treatment.

2. Narcotics

Narcotics, although primarily used for managing severe pain, are also known for their potential for misuse and addiction. They work by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, blocking pain signals and creating a sense of euphoria. This category includes both prescription painkillers like oxycodone and hydrocodone, as well as illegal drugs such as heroin (one of the most highly addictive opioids). Since heroin interferes with the brain’s receptors, it can make users physically dependent on the substance very quickly. The abuse of narcotics can result in tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction. Besides leading to a fatal overdose, other negative effects include severe respiratory depression, increased risk of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis (particularly with intravenous use), gastrointestinal issues, and intense physical deterioration.

Moreover, long-term abuse or chronic use of narcotics can also lead to significant social and psychological consequences. Users often face trouble in relationships, unemployment, and financial instability due to the compulsive nature of addiction. Withdrawal symptoms can be severe and include intense cravings, sweating, shaking, and discomfort, making it challenging for individuals to quit without professional help. It is therefore critical to address substance abuse with comprehensive treatment plans that incorporate medical detox, counseling, and support groups in light of these risks. At Peace Medical we have doctors that prescribe methadone to help patients overcome the severe withdrawal symptoms they face on the road to rehabilitation. Reach out to us today and take the first step towards a healthier, addiction-free life.

3. Sedatives

Sedatives, also known as depressants, are substances that slow down brain function. Users may feel a sense of relaxation, calmness, and drowsiness when consuming commonly abused sedatives such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. Benzodiazepines and barbiturates such as Valium, Xanax, and Phenobarbital are often prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and other conditions requiring a calming effect such as epilepsy. However, their calming effects can become addictive, leading users to rely on them to manage stress or sleep difficulties. This recurring usage results in tolerance, thus requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects, which can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

It’s important to note that long-term use of sedatives can cause memory problems, diminished cognitive function, and an increased risk of overdose. Abusing alcohol in particular, can cause psychological, physical, and social problems. It can also lead to the destruction of relationships, friendships, and marriages. Additionally, when a person chronically abuses alcohol over a long period, it can cause irreparable heart and liver damage. Alcoholism is the third leading cause of death in the USA after heart disease and cancer, therefore it’s crucial to seek treatment to help overcome the addiction. Our home detox program provides a supportive and structured environment to help you start your journey to recovery and reclaim your life.

Substance abuse encompasses a range of drugs, each with its own set of effects and risks. In general, the chronic abuse of any of them can lead to severe physical and mental health issues, not to mention the risk of addiction and fatal overdose. Addressing substance abuse is a delicate matter that requires comprehensive treatment plans including medical detox, counseling, support groups, and experienced physicians. There are some doctors that prescribe methadone to patients who need to detox from it since it is shown that guided methadone therapy can help reduce the use in patients whose cases are severe. If you or a loved one are struggling with substance abuse, reach out to us today to take the first step towards a brighter future.